Bopomofo - Wikipedia. Bopomofo注音符號百科全書 (encyclopedia) in Zhuyin Fuhao. Type. Creator. Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation. Introduced by the Gov't of the ROCTime period. China; 1. 94. 5 to the present in Taiwan. Parent systems. Child systems. This paper presents an overview of feature extraction methods for off-line recognition of segmented (isolated) characters. Selection of a feature extraction method is. Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols, Suzhou Phonetic Symbols, Hmu Phonetic Symbols.Sister systems. Simplified Chinese, Kanji, Hanja, Chữ Nôm, Khitan script.Direction. Left- to- right.ISO 1. 59. 24. Bopo, 2.Unicode alias. Bopomofo.This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. The Witcher 2 Configuration Tool Download . Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. Zhuyin fuhao (Chinese: 注音符號), Zhuyin (Chinese: 注音), Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) or Mandarin Phonetic Symbols is the major Chinese transliteration system for Taiwanese Mandarin. It is also used to transcribe other Chinese languages, particularly other varieties of Standard Chinese and related Mandarin dialects, as well as Taiwanese Hokkien. The first two are traditional terms, whereas Bopomofo is the colloquial term, also used by the ISO and Unicode. Consisting of 3. 7 characters and four tone marks, it transcribes all possible sounds in Mandarin. Zhuyin was introduced in China by the Republican Government in the 1. Wade- Giles system, which used a modified Latin alphabet. The Wade system was replaced by Hanyu Pinyin in 1. Chinese characters stroke order animation, learning and writing chinese. The segmentation of touching characters is still a challenging task, posing a bottleneck for offline Chinese handwriting recognition. In this paper, we propose an. Government of the People's Republic of China,[1] and at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1. Although Taiwan adopted Hanyu Pinyin as its official romanization system in 2. Bopomofo is still an official transliteration system there and remains widely used as an educational tool and for electronic input methods. The informal name "Bopomofo" is derived from the first four syllables in the conventional ordering of available syllables in Mandarin Chinese. The four Bopomofo characters (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) that correspond to these syllables are usually placed first in a list of these characters. The same sequence is sometimes used by other speakers of Chinese to refer to other phonetic systems.[citation needed]The original formal name of the system was Guóyīn Zìmǔ (traditional 國音字母, simplified 国音字母, lit. Phonetic Alphabet of the National Language") and Zhùyīn Zìmǔ (traditional 註音字母, simplified 注音字母, lit. "Phonetic Alphabet" or "Annotated Phonetic Letters").[4] It was later renamed Zhùyīn Fúhào (traditional 注音符號, simplified 注音符号), meaning "phonetic symbols". In official documents, Zhuyin is occasionally called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" (國語注音符號第一式), abbreviated as "MPS I" (注音一式). In English translations, the system is often also called either Chu- yin or the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols.[4][5] A romanized phonetic system was released in 1. Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (MPS II). History[edit]The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation, led by Wu Zhihui from 1. Zhuyin Zimu,[4] which was based on Zhang Binglin's shorthand. A draft was released on July 1. Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until November 2. It was later renamed first Guoyin Zimu and then, in April 1. Zhuyin Fuhao. The last renaming addressed fears that the alphabetic system might independently replace Chinese characters.[6]Modern use in Taiwan[edit]. Direction sign for children in Taipei including bopomofo. Zhuyin remains the predominant phonetic system in teaching reading and writing in elementary school in Taiwan. It is also one of the most popular ways to enter Chinese characters into computers and smartphones and to look up characters in a dictionary. In elementary school, particularly in the lower years, Chinese characters in textbooks are often annotated with Zhuyin as ruby characters as an aid to learning. Additionally, one children's newspaper in Taiwan, the Mandarin Daily News, annotates all articles with Zhuyin ruby characters. In teaching Mandarin, Taiwan institutions and some overseas communities use Zhuyin as a learning tool. Etymology[edit]The Zhuyin characters were created by Zhang Binglin, and taken mainly from "regularised" forms of ancient Chinese characters, the modern readings of which contain the sound that each letter represents. It is to be noted that the first consonants are articulated from the front of the mouth to the back, /b/, /p/, /m/, /f/, /d/, /t/, /n/, /l/ etc. Origin of zhuyin symbols. Consonants. Zhuyin. Origin. IPAPinyin. WGExampleㄅFrom 勹, the ancient form and current top portion of 包bāopbp八 (ㄅㄚ, bā)ㄆFrom 攵, the combining form of 攴pūpʰppʻ杷 (ㄆㄚˊ, pá)ㄇFrom 冂, the archaic character and current radical 冖mìmmm馬 (ㄇㄚˇ, mǎ)ㄈFrom 匚fāngfff法 (ㄈㄚˇ, fǎ)ㄉFrom ?, archaic form of 刀dāo. Compare the bamboo form . From ?tū, upside- down form of 子zǐ ( and in seal script)[7]tʰttʻ提 (ㄊㄧˊ, tí)ㄋFrom /?, ancient form of 乃nǎinnn你 (ㄋㄧˇ, nǐ)ㄌFrom ?, archaic form of 力lìlll利 (ㄌㄧˋ, lì)ㄍFrom the obsolete character 巜guì/kuài "river"kgk告 (ㄍㄠˋ, gào)ㄎFrom the archaic character 丂kǎokʰkkʻ考 (ㄎㄠˇ, kǎo)ㄏFrom the archaic character and current radical 厂hǎnxhh好 (ㄏㄠˇ, hǎo)ㄐFrom the archaic character 丩jiūʨjch叫 (ㄐㄧㄠˋ, jiào)ㄑFrom the archaic character ?quǎn, graphic root of the character 巛chuān (modern 川)ʨʰqchʻ巧 (ㄑㄧㄠˇ, qiǎo)ㄒFrom 丅, an ancient form of 下xià.ɕxhs小 (ㄒㄧㄠˇ, xiǎo)ㄓFrom /㞢, archaic form of 之zhī.ʈʂzhi, zh- ch知 (ㄓ, zhī), 主 (ㄓㄨˇ, zhǔ)ㄔFrom the character and radical 彳chìʈʂʰchi, ch- chʻ吃 (ㄔ, chī), 出 (ㄔㄨ, chū)ㄕFrom the character 尸shīʂshi, sh- sh是 (ㄕˋ, shì) , 束 (ㄕㄨˋ, shù)ㄖModified from the seal script form of 日rìɻ~ʐri, r- j日 (ㄖˋ, rì), 入 (ㄖㄨˋ, rù)ㄗFrom the archaic character and current radical 卩jié, dialectically zié ([tsjě]; tsieh² in Wade–Giles)tszi, z- ts字 (ㄗˋ, zì), 在 (ㄗㄞˋ, zài)ㄘFrom ?, archaic form of 七qī, dialectically ciī ([tsʰí]; tsʻi¹ in Wade–Giles). Compare semi- cursive form and seal- script . From the archaic character 厶sī, which was later replaced by its compound 私sī. Rhymes and medials. Zhuyin. Origin. IPAPinyin. WGExampleㄚFrom 丫yāaaa大 (ㄉㄚˋ, dà)ㄛFrom the obsolete character ?hē, inhalation, the reverse of 丂kǎo, which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound 可kě.[8]ooo多 (ㄉㄨㄛ, duō)ㄜDerived from its allophone in Standard Chinese, ㄛoɤeo/ê得 (ㄉㄜˊ, dé)ㄝFrom 也yě. Compare the Warring States bamboo form eêeh爹 (ㄉㄧㄝ, diē)ㄞFrom ?hài, archaic form of 亥. From 乁yí, an obsolete character meaning 移yí "to move". From 幺yāoauaoao少 (ㄕㄠˇ, shǎo)ㄡFrom 又yòuououou收 (ㄕㄡ, shōu)ㄢFrom the archaic character ?hàn "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound 犯fànananan山 (ㄕㄢ, shān)ㄣFrom ?, archaic variant of 鳦yǐ or 乚yà[9] (乚 is yǐn according to other sources[1. From 尢wāngaŋangang上 (ㄕㄤˋ, shàng)ㄥFrom ?, archaic form of 肱gōng[1. From 儿, the bottom portion of 兒ér used as a cursive and simplified formaɚerêrh而 (ㄦˊ, ér)ㄧFrom 一yīiyi, - ii以 (ㄧˇ, yǐ), 逆 (ㄋㄧˋ, nì)ㄨFrom 㐅, ancient form of 五wǔ. Compare the transitory form ?. From the ancient character 凵qū, which remains as a radicalyyu, - üü/yü雨 (ㄩˇ, yǔ), 女 (ㄋㄩˇ, nǚ)ㄭFrom the character 帀. It represents the minimal vowel of ㄓ, ㄔ, ㄕ, ㄖ, ㄗ, ㄘ, ㄙ, though it is not used after them in transcription.[1. Writing[edit]Stroke order[edit]Zhuyin is written in the same stroke order rule as Chinese characters. Note that ㄖ is written with three strokes, unlike the character from which it is derived (日, Hanyu Pinyin: rì), which has four strokes. Tonal marks[edit]As shown in the following table, tone marks for the second, third, and fourth tones are shared between bopomofo and pinyin. In bopomofo, the lack of a marker is used to indicate the first tone while a dot above indicates the fifth tone (also known as the neutral tone). In pinyin, a macron indicates the first tone and the lack of a marker indicates the fifth tone. Tone. Bopomofo. Pinyin. Tone Marker. Unicode Name. Tone Marker. Unicode Name. None)(Not Applicable)◌̄Combining Macron. Modifier Letter Acute Accent◌́Combining Acute Accent. Caron◌̌Combining Caron. Modifier Letter Grave Accent◌̀Combining Grave Accent. Dot Above(None)(Not Applicable)Unlike Hanyu Pinyin, Zhuyin aligns well with the hanzi characters in books whose texts are printed vertically, making Zhuyin better suited for annotating the pronunciation of vertically oriented Chinese text. Zhuyin, when used in conjunction with Chinese characters, are typically placed to the right of the Chinese character vertically or to the top of the Chinese character in a horizontal print (see Ruby character).
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